---
id: CVE-2026-77415
title: JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language
summary: >-
  JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1,
  crafted JSONata expressions could chain several object-integrity weaknesses to
  execute arbitrary code. The chain could overwrite $clone to mutate objects
  thro…
severity: critical
cwe:
  - CWE-94
  - CWE-917
vendor: jsonata
product: jsonata
affected:
  - 'jsonata >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1'
  - jsonata < 1.8.8
patched:
  - jsonata 2.2.1
  - jsonata 1.8.8
published: '2026-08-21'
updated: '2026-09-09'
sourceUpdated: '2026-09-09T21:06:39.057'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77415'
references:
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/47c0e58542202c705726663166dbee5fcae47d06
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b217d514376e30cba278941298d7ba97c4a6c6e
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/59e25144fc3b7125f6befd71b8a6e14e1fa610d2
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f09df8416eab8ff44926fc6527c80fb8701de159
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f174348c7fa30f271b63ddedf0767e814004bc4d
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: 'https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799'
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: 'https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800'
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: 'https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802'
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: 'https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v1.8.8'
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: 'https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.2.1'
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff
    label: security-advisories@github.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff
    label: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
  - url: 'https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff'
  - url: >-
      https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-77415.json
  - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-77415'
  - url: 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2521220'
  - url: 'https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-77415'
  - url: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77415'
tags:
  - nvd
  - ghsa
  - npm
  - csaf
  - vex
  - red-hat
epss: 0.00892
epssPercentile: 0.57672
aliases:
  - GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff
ecosystem: npm
ingestedAt: '2026-08-21T21:22:19.246Z'
cvss: 9.8
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'
cvssSource: vendor
---

## Overview

JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, crafted JSONata expressions could chain several object-integrity weaknesses to execute arbitrary code. The chain could overwrite $clone to mutate objects through evaluateTransformExpression, expose and deconstruct JSONata functions or lambdas through $merge.*, replace proc.arguments.forEach used by applyProcedure, and forge internal lambda state. These primitives allowed an attacker to reach prototype getters, prototype and constructor access, and process.getBuiltinModule with child_process, executing code with the privileges of the host process. This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.8 and 2.2.1.

## Remediation

Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.

## Package advisory (CVE-2026-77415)

Affected packages:

- `jsonata >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1`
- `jsonata < 1.8.8`

Patched in:

- `jsonata 2.2.1`
- `jsonata 1.8.8`

Source: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-66mm-25pp-rfff

## Vendor advisories

- **Red Hat VEX** · Critical · updated 2026-09-24 · [vex](https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-77415.json)