---
id: CVE-2026-70410
title: >-
  Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe
  Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite Avatica
summary: >-
  Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe
  Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite Avatica. Plugin instantiation
  (via AvaticaUtils#instantiatePlugin and other methods) initializes arbitrary
  classes via unr…
severity: high
cvss: 8.8
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'
cwe:
  - CWE-470
vendor: Apache Software Foundation
product: 'org.apache.calcite.avatica:avatica-core'
affected:
  - 'org.apache.calcite.avatica:avatica-core < 1.29.0'
published: '2026-09-22'
updated: '2026-09-22'
sourceUpdated: '2026-09-22T20:17:05.207'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70410'
references:
  - url: 'https://lists.apache.org/thread/07vwvsnbskhf5kvksn5t5l9qjozv2rk4'
    label: security@apache.org
tags:
  - nvd
  - cve.org
ingestedAt: '2026-09-22T16:06:00.485Z'
epss: 0.00638
epssPercentile: 0.49195
---

## Overview

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite Avatica. Plugin instantiation (via AvaticaUtils#instantiatePlugin and other methods) initializes arbitrary classes via unrestricted calls to Class.forName(String) which by default triggers initialization. This may lead to the execution of static initializer blocks in arbitrary classes present in the classpath. The instantiation APIs should initialize and instantiate only classes implementing the specified plugin interface passed as input in conjunction with the desired classname. At the moment of writing, there are no well-known or widely used classes with dangerous static initializer blocks so the severity is low.



This issue affects Apache Calcite Avatica: before 1.29.0.



Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.29.0, which fixes the issue.

## Remediation

Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.