--- id: CVE-2026-13149 title: >- brace-expansion: Brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to exponential-time complexity (CVE-2026-13149) summary: >- A flaw was found in brace-expansion. An attacker can exploit a vulnerability in the `expand()` function by providing a specially crafted string. This string, containing consecutive non-expanding brace groups, can trigger exponential-time c… severity: high cvss: 7.5 cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H' cvssSource: vendor cwe: - CWE-1333 - CWE-400 - CWE-407 vendor: Red Hat product: Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.20 affected: - confidential_compute_attestation - exploit_intelligence - node_healthcheck_operator - openshift_lightspeed - openshift_pipelines - openshift_service_mesh 2 - build_of_apache_camel_hawtio 4 - build_of_apicurio_registry 3 - build_of_podman_desktop - connectivity_link 1 - directory_server 11 - directory_server 12 - directory_server 13 - discovery 2 - enterprise_linux_ai_rhel_ai 3 - fuse 7 - hardened_images - jboss_enterprise_application_platform 7 - openshift_container_platform 4 - openshift_gitops - single_sign_on 7 - trusted_profile_analyzer - cryostat_4_on_rhel 9 - enterprise_linux_appstream_eus_v_10_0 - enterprise_linux_appstream_v_10 - enterprise_linux_appstream_v_8 - enterprise_linux_appstream_eus_v_9_6 - enterprise_linux_appstream_v_9 - enterprise_linux_extensions_channel_v_10 - amq_broker 7.13.6 - amq_broker 7.14.1 - advanced_cluster_security 4.9 - advanced_cluster_security_for_kubernetes 4.10 - advanced_cluster_security_for_kubernetes 4.11 - ansible_automation_platform 2.2 - ansible_automation_platform 2.5 - ansible_automation_platform 2.6 - ansible_automation_platform 2.7 - developer_hub 1.10 - developer_hub 1.9 patched: - cryostat_4_on_rhel 9 - enterprise_linux_appstream_eus_v_10_0 - enterprise_linux_appstream_v_10 - enterprise_linux_appstream_v_8 - enterprise_linux_appstream_eus_v_9_6 - enterprise_linux_appstream_v_9 - enterprise_linux_extensions_channel_v_10 - amq_broker 7.13.6 - amq_broker 7.14.1 - advanced_cluster_security 4.9 - advanced_cluster_security_for_kubernetes 4.10 - advanced_cluster_security_for_kubernetes 4.11 - ansible_automation_platform 2.2 - ansible_automation_platform 2.5 - ansible_automation_platform 2.6 - ansible_automation_platform 2.7 - developer_hub 1.10 - developer_hub 1.9 - edge_manager 1.1 - edge_manager 1.2 - hardened_images - migration_toolkit 1.8 - migration_toolkit_for_applications 8.1 - openshift_ai 2.25 - openshift_ai 3.4 - openshift_container_platform 4.17 - openshift_container_platform 4.18 - openshift_container_platform 4.19 - openshift_container_platform 4.20 - openshift_container_platform 4.21 - openshift_container_platform 4.22 - openshift_dev_spaces 3.29 - openshift_dev_spaces 3.30 - openshift_data_foundation 4.18 - openshift_data_foundation 4.19 - openshift_data_foundation 4.20 - quay 3.10 - quay 3.12 - quay 3.15 - quay 3.16 published: '2026-06-30' updated: '2026-09-21' sourceUpdated: '2026-09-21T10:32:36+00:00' source: CSAF sourceUrl: 'https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-13149.json' references: - url: >- https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-13149.json - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-13149' - url: 'https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2494813' - url: 'https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-13149' - url: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13149' - url: >- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c7e33ec13ac1a684c116720843ce24e208611754 - url: 'https://www.npmjs.com/package/brace-expansion' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48151' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53298' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52394' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48033' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48032' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48034' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47059' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47060' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52399' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47058' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47057' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57590' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:66545' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:66488' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48872' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48913' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48891' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42815' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:51162' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50357' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50479' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50340' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48126' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:49642' - url: 'https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52768' - url: >- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp - url: 'https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/pull/122' - url: 'https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/pull/123' - url: >- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/835d6be91201122d9adffb0c0c8c094189ace265 - url: >- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/d74e63030c012e3b7ae81657b8d665619cd51b95 - url: 'https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/releases/tag/v1.1.16' - url: 'https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/releases/tag/v2.1.2' - url: 'https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/releases/tag/v5.0.7' - url: 'https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp' tags: - csaf - vex - red-hat - ghsa - npm epss: 0.00364 epssPercentile: 0.30112 aliases: - GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp ecosystem: npm ingestedAt: '2026-07-20T21:43:15.723Z' --- ## Overview A flaw was found in brace-expansion. An attacker can exploit a vulnerability in the `expand()` function by providing a specially crafted string. This string, containing consecutive non-expanding brace groups, can trigger exponential-time complexity, leading to significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. This can result in a Denial of Service (DoS) for the affected system. ## Vendor advisories - **RHSA-2026:48151** · Red Hat · fixed in: Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 · released 2026-07-29 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48151) - **RHSA-2026:53298** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) · released 2026-08-11 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53298) - **RHSA-2026:52394** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) · released 2026-08-10 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52394) - **RHSA-2026:48033** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) · released 2026-07-29 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48033) - **RHSA-2026:48032** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) · released 2026-07-29 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48032) - **RHSA-2026:48034** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) · released 2026-07-29 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48034) - **RHSA-2026:47059** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) · released 2026-07-28 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47059) - **RHSA-2026:47060** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) · released 2026-07-28 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47060) - **RHSA-2026:52399** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) · released 2026-08-10 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52399) - **RHSA-2026:47058** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) · released 2026-08-03 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47058) - **RHSA-2026:47057** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) · released 2026-08-03 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47057) - **Red Hat VEX** · Important · affected: Confidential Compute Attestation, Exploit Intelligence, Node HealthCheck Operator, OpenShift Lightspeed, OpenShift Pipelines, OpenShift Service Mesh 2, … · no fix planned: Confidential Compute Attestation, OpenShift Service Mesh 2, Red Hat Directory Server 11, Red Hat Directory Server 12, … · updated 2026-09-21 · [vex](https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-13149.json) **brace-expansion: Brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to exponential-time complexity** — rated Important by Red Hat. Released 2026-06-30, updated 2026-09-21. Affected: - Confidential Compute Attestation - Exploit Intelligence - Node HealthCheck Operator - OpenShift Lightspeed - OpenShift Pipelines - OpenShift Service Mesh 2 - Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 - Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 - Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop - Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 - Red Hat Directory Server 11 - Red Hat Directory Server 12 - Red Hat Directory Server 13 - Red Hat Discovery 2 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 - Red Hat Fuse 7 - Red Hat Hardened Images - Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 - Red Hat OpenShift GitOps - Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 - Red Hat Trusted Profile Analyzer Fixed: - Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) - Red Hat Enterprise Linux Extensions Channel (v. 10) - Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.13.6 - Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.14.1 - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.10 - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.11 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.2 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 - Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 - Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 - Red Hat Edge Manager 1.1 - Red Hat Edge Manager 1.2 - Red Hat Hardened Images - Red Hat Migration Toolkit 1.8 - Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8.1 - Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 - Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.20 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.21 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.22 - Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29 - Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30 - Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.18 - Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.19 - Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.20 - Red Hat Quay 3.10 - Red Hat Quay 3.12 - Red Hat Quay 3.15 - Red Hat Quay 3.16 No fix planned: - Confidential Compute Attestation - OpenShift Service Mesh 2 - Red Hat Directory Server 11 - Red Hat Directory Server 12 - Red Hat Directory Server 13 - Red Hat Fuse 7 - Red Hat Hardened Images - Red Hat OpenShift GitOps - Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 - Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 - Exploit Intelligence - Node HealthCheck Operator - OpenShift Lightspeed - OpenShift Pipelines - Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 - Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 - Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop - Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 - Red Hat Discovery 2 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 - Red Hat Trusted Profile Analyzer Not affected: - Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.10 - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.11 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 - Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 - Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 - Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 - Red Hat Edge Manager 1.1 ## Remediation Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48151 For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53298 For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258 https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52394 Workarounds / mitigations: - There is no practical mitigation for this vulnerability. The brace-expansion package is typically a transitive dependency pulled in via minimatch and glob, making it difficult to isolate. Users should upgrade to a fixed version of brace-expansion when one becomes available. ## Package advisory (CVE-2026-13149) Affected packages: - `brace-expansion >= 3.0.0, < 5.0.7` - `brace-expansion < 1.1.16` - `brace-expansion >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.2` Patched in: - `brace-expansion 5.0.7` - `brace-expansion 1.1.16` - `brace-expansion 2.1.2` Source: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp