---
id: CVE-2026-111225
title: >-
  Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection
  vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN
  clients to execute commands as the unbound user
summary: >-
  Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection
  vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN
  clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell
  metacharacters in …
severity: medium
cvss: 5
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L'
cwe:
  - CWE-78
vendor: Netgate
product: pfSense CE
affected:
  - pfsense_ce >= 2.5.0 <= 2.9.0
published: '2026-10-15'
updated: '2026-10-15'
sourceUpdated: '2026-10-15T19:17:35.230'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111225'
references:
  - url: 'https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers'
    label: disclosure@vulncheck.com
  - url: 'https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn'
    label: disclosure@vulncheck.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62
    label: disclosure@vulncheck.com
  - url: >-
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh
    label: disclosure@vulncheck.com
tags:
  - nvd
  - cve.org
  - exploit-available
ingestedAt: '2026-10-15T19:25:46.429Z'
exploitAvailable: true
ssvc:
  exploitation: poc
  automatable: 'no'
  technicalImpact: partial
  timestamp: '2026-10-15T19:48:50.888190Z'
---

## Overview

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.

## Remediation

Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.