---
id: CVE-2025-9906
aliases:
  - GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c
  - PYSEC-2025-76
title: Keras is vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data
summary: Keras is vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data
severity: high
cvss: 7.3
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'
vendor: keras
product: keras
ecosystem: pip
affected:
  - keras < 3.11.0
patched:
  - keras 3.11.0
published: '2025-09-19'
updated: '2026-09-10'
sourceUpdated: '2026-09-10T03:50:27.820239587Z'
source: OSV
sourceUrl: 'https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c'
references:
  - url: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9906'
  - url: 'https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21429'
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/713172ab56b864e59e2aa79b1a51b0e728bba858
  - url: 'https://github.com/keras-team/keras'
  - url: 'https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.11.0'
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-76.yaml
  - url: 'https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-9906'
tags:
  - osv
  - pip
epss: 0.00199
epssPercentile: 0.10041
ingestedAt: '2026-07-17T13:07:01.139Z'
---

## Overview

### Arbitrary Code Execution in Keras

Keras versions prior to 3.11.0 allow for arbitrary code execution when loading a crafted `.keras` model archive, even when `safe_mode=True`.

The issue arises because the archive’s `config.json` is parsed before layer deserialization. This can invoke `keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization()`, effectively disabling safe mode from within the loading process itself. An attacker can place this call first in the archive and then include a `Lambda` layer whose function is deserialized from a pickle, leading to the execution of attacker-controlled Python code as soon as a victim loads the model file.

Exploitation requires a user to open an untrusted model; no additional privileges are needed. The fix in version 3.11.0 enforces safe-mode semantics *before* reading any user-controlled configuration and prevents the toggling of unsafe deserialization via the config file.

**Affected versions:** < 3.11.0
**Patched version:** 3.11.0

It is recommended to upgrade to version 3.11.0 or later and to avoid opening untrusted model files.

## Affected packages

- `keras < 3.11.0`

## Remediation

Upgrade to a patched release:

- `keras 3.11.0`