---
id: CVE-2025-8591
title: >-
  The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate
  output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser
summary: >-
  The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate
  output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser. This
  condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages
  served by the …
severity: medium
cvss: 6.1
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N'
cwe:
  - CWE-79
vendor: wso2
product: api_control_plane
affected:
  - 'api_control_plane >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.44'
  - 'api_control_plane >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.8'
  - 'api_manager >= 3.1.0, < 3.1.0.355'
  - 'api_manager >= 3.2.0, < 3.2.0.459'
  - 'api_manager >= 3.2.1, < 3.2.1.78'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.0.380'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.1.0, < 4.1.0.243'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.2.0, < 4.2.0.183'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.3.0, < 4.3.0.94'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.4.0, < 4.4.0.58'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.43'
  - 'api_manager >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.7'
  - 'identity_server >= 5.10.0, < 5.10.0.384'
  - 'identity_server >= 6.0.0, < 6.0.0.255'
  - 'identity_server >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.0.131'
  - 'identity_server >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.0.51'
  - 'identity_server_as_key_manager >= 5.10.0, < 5.10.0.375'
  - 'open_banking_am >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.0.404'
  - 'open_banking_iam >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.0.424'
  - 'traffic_manager >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.42'
  - 'traffic_manager >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.7'
  - 'universal_gateway >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.42'
  - 'universal_gateway >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.7'
patched:
  - api_control_plane 4.6.0.8
  - api_manager 4.6.0.7
  - identity_server 7.1.0.51
  - identity_server_as_key_manager 5.10.0.375
  - open_banking_am 2.0.0.404
  - open_banking_iam 2.0.0.424
  - traffic_manager 4.6.0.7
  - universal_gateway 4.6.0.7
published: '2026-07-06'
updated: '2026-09-30'
sourceUpdated: '2026-09-30T15:10:00.560'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8591'
references:
  - url: >-
      https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/
    label: ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
tags:
  - nvd
epss: 0.00253
epssPercentile: 0.15157
ingestedAt: '2026-09-30T16:10:06.694Z'
---

## Overview

The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.

By leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user's browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking.

## Affected

- `api_control_plane >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.44`
- `api_control_plane >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.8`
- `api_manager >= 3.1.0, < 3.1.0.355`
- `api_manager >= 3.2.0, < 3.2.0.459`
- `api_manager >= 3.2.1, < 3.2.1.78`
- `api_manager >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.0.380`
- `api_manager >= 4.1.0, < 4.1.0.243`
- `api_manager >= 4.2.0, < 4.2.0.183`
- `api_manager >= 4.3.0, < 4.3.0.94`
- `api_manager >= 4.4.0, < 4.4.0.58`
- `api_manager >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.43`
- `api_manager >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.7`
- `identity_server >= 5.10.0, < 5.10.0.384`
- `identity_server >= 6.0.0, < 6.0.0.255`
- `identity_server >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.0.131`
- `identity_server >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.0.51`
- `identity_server_as_key_manager >= 5.10.0, < 5.10.0.375`
- `open_banking_am >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.0.404`
- `open_banking_iam >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.0.424`
- `traffic_manager >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.42`
- `traffic_manager >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.7`
- `universal_gateway >= 4.5.0, < 4.5.0.42`
- `universal_gateway >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.0.7`

## Remediation

Upgrade past the affected range:

- `api_control_plane 4.6.0.8`
- `api_manager 4.6.0.7`
- `identity_server 7.1.0.51`
- `identity_server_as_key_manager 5.10.0.375`
- `open_banking_am 2.0.0.404`
- `open_banking_iam 2.0.0.424`
- `traffic_manager 4.6.0.7`
- `universal_gateway 4.6.0.7`