---
id: CVE-2025-65855
title: >-
  The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware
  v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical
  across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate
  firmware sig…
summary: >-
  The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware
  v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical
  across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate
  firmware sig…
severity: medium
cvss: 6.6
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'
cwe:
  - CWE-319
  - CWE-494
  - CWE-798
vendor: netun
product: helpflash_iot_firmware
affected:
  - helpflash_iot_firmware = 18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50
published: '2025-12-17'
updated: '2026-10-13'
sourceUpdated: '2026-10-13T11:10:00.203'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65855'
references:
  - url: 'https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/'
    label: cve@mitre.org
  - url: 'https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/'
    label: cve@mitre.org
tags:
  - nvd
  - exploit-available
epss: 0.00104
epssPercentile: 0.0096
exploits:
  github: 1
  githubRepos:
    - 'https://github.com/LuisMirandaAcebedo/CVE-2025-65855'
  checkedAt: '2026-10-13T11:24:25.396Z'
exploitAvailable: true
ingestedAt: '2026-10-13T11:23:51.118Z'
---

## Overview

The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.

## Affected

- `helpflash_iot_firmware = 18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50`

## Remediation

Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.