---
id: CVE-2025-1550
aliases:
  - GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
  - PYSEC-2025-122
title: Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading
summary: Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading
severity: high
vendor: keras
product: keras
ecosystem: pip
affected:
  - 'keras >= 3.0.0, < 3.9.0'
patched:
  - keras 3.9.0
published: '2025-03-11'
updated: '2026-09-10'
sourceUpdated: '2026-09-10T03:50:56.790604392Z'
source: OSV
sourceUrl: 'https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp'
references:
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
  - url: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1550'
  - url: 'https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751'
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/e67ac8ffd0c883bec68eb65bb52340c7f9d3a903
  - url: 'https://github.com/keras-team/keras'
  - url: 'https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.9.0'
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-122.yaml
  - url: 'https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550'
tags:
  - osv
  - pip
  - exploit-available
epss: 0.02626
epssPercentile: 0.84844
exploits:
  exploitdb: true
  github: 1
  githubRepos:
    - 'https://github.com/ChCh0i/cve-2025-1550'
  checkedAt: '2026-09-25T08:20:44.598Z'
exploitAvailable: true
ingestedAt: '2026-09-12T03:13:01.651Z'
---

## Overview

### Impact

The Keras `Model.load_model` function permits arbitrary code execution, even with `safe_mode=True`, through a manually constructed, malicious `.keras` archive. By altering the `config.json` file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading.

### Patches

This problem is fixed starting with version `3.9`.

### Workarounds

Only load models from trusted sources and model archives created with Keras.

### References

- https://www.cve.org/cverecord?id=CVE-2025-1550
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751

## Affected packages

- `keras >= 3.0.0, < 3.9.0`

## Remediation

Upgrade to a patched release:

- `keras 3.9.0`