---
id: CVE-2023-28531
title: >-
  ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the
  intended per-hop destination constraints
summary: >-
  ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the
  intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is
  8.9.
severity: critical
cvss: 9.8
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'
cwe:
  - CWE-284
vendor: openbsd
product: openssh
affected:
  - 'openssh >= 8.9, < 9.3'
  - brocade_fabric_operating_system
  - hci_bootstrap_os
  - solidfire_element_os
patched:
  - openssh 9.3
published: '2023-03-17'
updated: '2026-07-14'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28531'
references:
  - url: >-
      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT/
    label: cve@mitre.org
  - url: 'https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202307-01'
    label: cve@mitre.org
  - url: 'https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230413-0008/'
    label: cve@mitre.org
  - url: 'https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586'
    label: cve@mitre.org
  - url: 'https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/03/15/8'
    label: cve@mitre.org
  - url: >-
      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT/
    label: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
  - url: >-
      https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AN2UDTXEUSKFIOIYMV6JNI5VSBMYZOFT/
    label: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
  - url: 'https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202307-01'
    label: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
  - url: 'https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230413-0008/'
    label: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
  - url: 'https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586'
    label: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
  - url: 'https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/03/15/8'
    label: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
  - url: 'https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html'
    label: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e
  - url: 'https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html'
    label: 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e
tags:
  - nvd
  - cve.org
epss: 0.02267
epssPercentile: 0.82295
ingestedAt: '2026-07-14T12:36:47.785Z'
ssvc:
  exploitation: none
  automatable: 'no'
  technicalImpact: partial
  timestamp: '2024-01-11T20:20:13.493424Z'
---

## Overview

ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.

## Affected

- `openssh >= 8.9, < 9.3`
- `brocade_fabric_operating_system`
- `hci_bootstrap_os`
- `solidfire_element_os`

## Remediation

Upgrade past the affected range:

- `openssh 9.3`