{"id":"CVE-2026-27830","title":"c3p0, a JDBC Connection pooling library, is vulnerable to attack via maliciously crafted Java-serialized objects and `javax.naming.Reference` instances","summary":"c3p0, a JDBC Connection pooling library, is vulnerable to attack via maliciously crafted Java-serialized objects and `javax.naming.Reference` instances. Several c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` implementations have a property called `user…","severity":"high","cvss":8,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cwe":["CWE-94","CWE-502"],"vendor":"swaldman","product":"c3p0","affected":["c3p0 < 0.12.0"],"patched":["jboss_eap_8_1_for_rhel 8","jboss_eap_8_1_for_rhel 9","satellite_6_18_for_rhel 9","build_of_debezium 3.2","jboss_enterprise_application_platform 8.1","build_of_apache_camel_4_14_4_for_spring_boot 3.5.11"],"published":"2026-02-26","updated":"2026-09-14","sourceUpdated":"2026-09-14T13:17:54.607","source":"NVD","sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27830","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/commit/e14cbd8166e423e2e9a9d6f08b2add3433492d6e","label":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://github.com/swaldman/c3p0/security/advisories/GHSA-5476-xc4j-rqcv","label":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal","label":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security","label":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note","label":"security-advisories@github.com"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18054","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18055","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18059","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28385","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3890","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4285","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-27830","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2442908","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-27830.json","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-27830"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27830"}],"tags":["nvd","cve.org","csaf","vex","red-hat"],"ssvc":{"exploitation":"none","automatable":"no","technicalImpact":"total","timestamp":"2026-05-02T03:55:34.556407Z"},"scores":{"nvd":8,"cna":8.9,"vendor":8},"epss":0.00534,"epssPercentile":0.43841,"ingestedAt":"2026-08-05T11:47:23.757Z","slug":"CVE-2026-27830","body":"## Overview\n\nc3p0, a JDBC Connection pooling library, is vulnerable to attack via maliciously crafted Java-serialized objects and `javax.naming.Reference` instances. Several c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` implementations have a property called `userOverridesAsString` which conceptually represents a `Map<String,Map<String,String>>`. Prior to v0.12.0, that property was maintained as a hex-encoded serialized object. Any attacker able to reset this property, on an existing `ConnectionPoolDataSource` or via maliciously crafted serialized objects or `javax.naming.Reference` instances could be tailored execute unexpected code on the application's `CLASSPATH`. The danger of this vulnerability was strongly magnified by vulnerabilities in c3p0's main dependency, mchange-commons-java. This library includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including ungated support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values. Attackers could set c3p0's `userOverridesAsString` hex-encoded serialized objects that include objects \"indirectly serialized\" via JNDI references. Deserialization of those objects and dereferencing of the embedded `javax.naming.Reference` objects could provoke download and execution of malicious code from a remote `factoryClassLocation`. Although hazard presented by c3p0's vulnerabilites are exarcerbated by vulnerabilities in mchange-commons-java, use of Java-serialized-object hex as the format for a writable Java-Bean property, of objects that may be exposed across JNDI interfaces, represents a serious independent fragility. The `userOverridesAsString` property of c3p0 `ConnectionPoolDataSource` classes has been reimplemented to use a safe CSV-based format, rather than rely upon potentially dangerous Java object deserialization. c3p0-0.12.0+ and above depend upon mchange-commons-java 0.4.0+, which gates support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values. c3p0 additionally enforces the new mchange-commons-java `com.mchange.v2.naming.nameGuardClassName` to prevent injection of unexpected, potentially remote JNDI names. There is no supported workaround for versions of c3p0 prior to 0.12.0.\n\n## Remediation\n\nRefer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.\n\n## Vendor advisories\n\n- **RHSA-2026:18054** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat JBoss EAP 8.1 for RHEL 8 · released 2026-05-18 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18054)\n- **RHSA-2026:18055** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat JBoss EAP 8.1 for RHEL 9 · released 2026-05-18 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18055)\n- **RHSA-2026:28385** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 · released 2026-06-23 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28385)\n- **RHSA-2026:4285** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat Build of Debezium 3.2 · released 2026-03-11 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4285)\n- **RHSA-2026:18059** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 · released 2026-05-18 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18059)\n- **RHSA-2026:3890** · Red Hat · fixed in: Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.14.4 for Spring Boot 3.5.11 · released 2026-03-05 · [advisory](https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3890)\n- **Red Hat VEX** · Important · affected: Red Hat build of Debezium 2, Red Hat Fuse 7, Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7, Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8, Red Hat Satellite 6, streams for Apache Kafka 2 · no fix planned: Red Hat Fuse 7, Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7, streams for Apache Kafka 2, Red Hat build of Debezium 2, … · updated 2026-09-18 · [vex](https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-27830.json)","depth":"twilight","depthScore":44,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":44,"likelihood":0.1,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}