{"id":"CVE-2026-23401","title":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (i…","summary":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (i…","severity":"medium","cvss":5.5,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","cwe":["CWE-416"],"vendor":"linux","product":"linux_kernel","affected":["linux_kernel >= 5.13.1, < 5.15.203","linux_kernel >= 5.16, < 6.1.168","linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.131","linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.80","linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.18.21","linux_kernel >= 6.19, < 6.19.11","linux_kernel = 5.13","linux_kernel = 7.0"],"patched":["linux_kernel 6.19.11"],"published":"2026-04-01","updated":"2026-07-08","source":"NVD","sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23401","references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20656cd1f243d3a154aac5dd1b823110b6906fe1","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed5909992f344a7d3f4024261e9f751d9618a27d","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13577","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13578","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13932","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13936","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14137","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14230","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14339","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:15883","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19521","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19568","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19569","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19875","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20593","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36530","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36531","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36532","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36533","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36534","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-23401","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2453803","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"},{"url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-23401.json","label":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"}],"tags":["nvd"],"epss":0.00184,"epssPercentile":0.08247,"ingestedAt":"2026-07-08T13:51:10.437Z","slug":"CVE-2026-23401","body":"## Overview\n\nIn the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (if it's shadow-present).  While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\n\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\n## Affected\n\n- `linux_kernel >= 5.13.1, < 5.15.203`\n- `linux_kernel >= 5.16, < 6.1.168`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.131`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.80`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.18.21`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.19, < 6.19.11`\n- `linux_kernel = 5.13`\n- `linux_kernel = 7.0`\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpgrade past the affected range:\n\n- `linux_kernel 6.19.11`","depth":"sunlit","depthScore":30,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":30.3,"likelihood":0,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}