{"id":"CVE-2025-65855","title":"The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware sig…","summary":"The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware sig…","severity":"medium","cvss":6.6,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cwe":["CWE-319","CWE-494","CWE-798"],"vendor":"netun","product":"helpflash_iot_firmware","affected":["helpflash_iot_firmware = 18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50"],"published":"2025-12-17","updated":"2026-10-13","sourceUpdated":"2026-10-13T11:10:00.203","source":"NVD","sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65855","references":[{"url":"https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/","label":"cve@mitre.org"},{"url":"https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/","label":"cve@mitre.org"}],"tags":["nvd","exploit-available"],"epss":0.00104,"epssPercentile":0.0096,"exploits":{"github":1,"githubRepos":["https://github.com/LuisMirandaAcebedo/CVE-2025-65855"],"checkedAt":"2026-10-13T11:24:25.396Z"},"exploitAvailable":true,"ingestedAt":"2026-10-13T11:23:51.118Z","slug":"CVE-2025-65855","body":"## Overview\n\nThe OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.\n\n## Affected\n\n- `helpflash_iot_firmware = 18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50`\n\n## Remediation\n\nRefer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.","depth":"twilight","depthScore":48,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":36.3,"likelihood":0,"exploitation":12,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}