{"id":"CVE-2025-21792","title":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt\n\nIf an AX25 device is bound to a socket by setting the SO_BINDTODEVICE\nsocket option, a refcount leak …","summary":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt\n\nIf an AX25 device is bound to a socket by setting the SO_BINDTODEVICE\nsocket option, a refcount leak …","severity":"high","cvss":7.8,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","vendor":"linux","product":"linux_kernel","affected":["linux_kernel >= 4.14.277, < 4.15","linux_kernel >= 4.19.240, < 4.20","linux_kernel >= 5.4.190, < 5.5","linux_kernel >= 5.10.112, < 5.11","linux_kernel >= 5.15.35, < 5.16","linux_kernel >= 5.17.2, < 6.1.129","linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.79","linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.16","linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.13.4","linux_kernel = 6.14"],"patched":["linux_kernel 6.13.4"],"published":"2025-02-27","updated":"2026-07-30","source":"NVD","sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21792","references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/470bda72fda0fcf54300466d70ce2de62f7835d2","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90056ece99966182dc0e367f3fd2afab46ada847","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94a0de224ed52eb2ecd4f4cb1b937b674c9fb955","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b58f7ca86a7b8e480c06e30c5163c5d2f4e24023","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bca0902e61731a75fc4860c8720168d9f1bae3b6","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html","label":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"}],"tags":["nvd"],"epss":0.00241,"epssPercentile":0.15571,"ingestedAt":"2026-07-30T06:53:10.007Z","slug":"CVE-2025-21792","body":"## Overview\n\nIn the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt\n\nIf an AX25 device is bound to a socket by setting the SO_BINDTODEVICE\nsocket option, a refcount leak will occur in ax25_release().\n\nCommit 9fd75b66b8f6 (\"ax25: Fix refcount leaks caused by ax25_cb_del()\")\nadded decrement of device refcounts in ax25_release(). In order for that\nto work correctly the refcounts must already be incremented when the\ndevice is bound to the socket. An AX25 device can be bound to a socket\nby either calling ax25_bind() or setting SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option.\nIn both cases the refcounts should be incremented, but in fact it is done\nonly in ax25_bind().\n\nThis bug leads to the following issue reported by Syzkaller:\n\n================================================================\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5932 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5932 Comm: syz-executor424 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc4-syzkaller-00110-g4099a71718b0 #0\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n __refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:336 [inline]\n refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:351 [inline]\n ref_tracker_free+0x710/0x820 lib/ref_tracker.c:236\n netdev_tracker_free include/linux/netdevice.h:4156 [inline]\n netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4173 [inline]\n netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4169 [inline]\n ax25_release+0x33f/0xa10 net/ax25/af_ax25.c:1069\n __sock_release+0xb0/0x270 net/socket.c:640\n sock_close+0x1c/0x30 net/socket.c:1408\n ...\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xcd/0x250 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n ...\n </TASK>\n================================================================\n\nFix the implementation of ax25_setsockopt() by adding increment of\nrefcounts for the new device bound, and decrement of refcounts for\nthe old unbound device.\n\n## Affected\n\n- `linux_kernel >= 4.14.277, < 4.15`\n- `linux_kernel >= 4.19.240, < 4.20`\n- `linux_kernel >= 5.4.190, < 5.5`\n- `linux_kernel >= 5.10.112, < 5.11`\n- `linux_kernel >= 5.15.35, < 5.16`\n- `linux_kernel >= 5.17.2, < 6.1.129`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.79`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.16`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.13.4`\n- `linux_kernel = 6.14`\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpgrade past the affected range:\n\n- `linux_kernel 6.13.4`","depth":"twilight","depthScore":43,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":42.9,"likelihood":0,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}