{"id":"CVE-2023-32059","aliases":["GHSA-ph9x-4vc9-m39g","PYSEC-2023-79"],"title":"Vyper vulnerable to incorrect ordering of arguments for kwargs passed to internal calls","summary":"Vyper vulnerable to incorrect ordering of arguments for kwargs passed to internal calls","severity":"high","cvss":7.5,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","vendor":"vyper","product":"vyper","ecosystem":"pip","affected":["vyper < 0.3.8"],"patched":["vyper 0.3.8"],"published":"2023-05-12","updated":"2026-09-10","sourceUpdated":"2026-09-10T03:50:01.672293094Z","source":"OSV","sourceUrl":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-ph9x-4vc9-m39g","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-ph9x-4vc9-m39g"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32059"},{"url":"https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/commit/c3e68c302aa6e1429946473769dd1232145822ac"},{"url":"https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/vyper/PYSEC-2023-79.yaml"},{"url":"https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper"}],"tags":["osv","pip"],"epss":0.00725,"epssPercentile":0.52188,"ingestedAt":"2026-09-12T03:13:01.716Z","slug":"CVE-2023-32059","body":"## Overview\n\n### Impact\n\nInternal calls to internal functions with more than 1 default argument are compiled incorrectly. Depending on the number of arguments\nprovided in the call, the defaults are added not right-to-left, but left-to-right. If the types are incompatible,\ntypechecking is bypassed. In the `bar()` function in the following code, `self.foo(13)` is compiled to\n`self.foo(13,12)` instead of `self.foo(13,1337)`.\n\n```vyper\n@internal\ndef foo(a:uint256 = 12, b:uint256 = 1337):\n    pass\n\n@internal\ndef bar():\n    self.foo(13)\n```\n\nnote that at the time of publication, the ability to pass kwargs to internal functions is an undocumented feature that does not seem to be widely used.\n\n### Patches\npatched in c3e68c302aa6e1429946473769dd1232145822ac\n\n### Workarounds\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_\n\n### References\n_Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_\n\n\n## Affected packages\n\n- `vyper < 0.3.8`\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpgrade to a patched release:\n\n- `vyper 0.3.8`","depth":"twilight","depthScore":41,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":41.3,"likelihood":0.1,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}